CUBA: FACT REMINDER BY MANUEL CEREIJO This report is an assessment of the Cuban threat to the
United States national security. The assessment addresses the unconventional
threats of biowarfare, cyberwarfare, high technology weapons, and electronic
espionage. Secretary of Defense, William Cohen, observed in his 1998
Annual Defense Report: "Those who oppose the United States will
increasingly rely on unconventional strategies and tactics to offset U.S.
superiority". He then mentioned asymmetric threats such as: information
operations, cyberterrorism, and biowarfare.
Castro's Cuba is a prime example of a nation developing such
unconventional or asymmetric methods of challenging or threatening the United
States. In a letter to Secretary Cohen, dated March 31, 1998, then Speaker of
the House of Representatives Newt Gingrich, wrote: "I am very concerned
about recent reports indicating that Castro's secretive network of
sophisticated biological and genetic research labs are being used by the
military and Interior Ministry to develop biological weapons." On the March 31, 1998 edition, the Washington Post addressed
the topic of the threat from Cuba, partially stating “Cuba has one of the most
sophisticated biotech and pharmaceutical industries in the hemisphere. Because
lethal biological materials can be produced by countries with biotech
industries, it is difficult to determine when a country moves from simply
having the capability to produce deadly viruses, to the intent or plans to do
so." Given Castro's proven instability, ongoing anti-Americanism,
and proximity to the U.S., it would be an unacceptable mistake to underestimate
his capabilities or his intentions. A report submitted by the U.S. Office of
Technological Assessment in late 1995 identified seventeen countries believed
to possess biological weapons- Lybia, North Korea, South Korea, Iraq, Taiwan,
Syria, Israel, Iran, China, Egypt, Vietnam, Laos, Bulgaria, India, South
Africa, Russia, and Cuba. In an appearance before the Senate Select Committee
on Intelligence, January, 1998, Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of
Investigation, stated "State sponsors of terrorism include Iran, Iraq,
Syria, Sudan, Libya, North Korea and Cuba." It has long been a concern also in the scientific community
that Soviet scientists led the world in development of Radio Frequency weapon
technologies. The Soviet Union had a large and diverse RF weapons program and
this work continue today within FSU countries. It is well known the close
technical and military relationship in this field between the Soviet Union and
Cuba. The relationship includes the establishment of the Lourdes' electronic
espionage base, operated in Cuba by the Russians, and most recently, the
construction of a similar base in Bejucal, operated solely by Cuban personnel. It is very
important that the United States sticks to the essentials of its military
response and carries it through relentlessly and thoroughly. Although only
Britain can be guaranteed to back the White House in every contingency, it is
better in the long run for the United States to act without many allies, or
even alone, than to engage in a messy compromised dictated by nervousness and
cowardice. That would be the
worst of all solutions and would be certain to lead to more terrorism, in more
places, and on an ever-increasing scale. Now is the ideal moment for the United
States to use all its physical capacity to eliminate terrorism in all its
forms. All terrorist
groups, and terrorist governments, and states, should be abolished. Let us live
a future of peace, freedom, and justice. Castro has been in absolute power in Cuba for the last 46 years. The Cuban people have been terrorized, jailed, shot, confiscated their properties. There is no freedom of any type or kind whatsoever. Castro has intervened, assisted, invaded, or provided logistic and armaments to groups, terrorists, and organizations throughout the world: Africa, South America, Central America, North America and Asia. Cuba serves as a sanctuary to hundreds of criminals, terrorists, from diverse parts of the world. Cuba has provided, and still does, military training to thousands of persons who later on have returned to their respective countries to try to overthrow their legitimate governments. Castro has expressed in innumerable occasions, in public and private appearances, nationally and in foreign countries his hate towards the United States, its way of live, its political system, its economic system. Castro allowed the Soviet Union in 1962 to install nuclear warhead missiles in Cuba. Once discovered, he tried very insistently to launch a surprising missile attack against the United States. There are three nations that use intensively their intelligence services to harm the interests of the United States. The nations are: PRC, Cuba, and North Korea. These nations continue to expend significant resources to conduct intelligence operations against the United States. Each one of these countries has the ability to collect intelligence on targeted U.S. activities using HUMINT, SIGINT, and the analysis of open source material. Also, Cuba, through China, have access to imagery products that can be used to produce IMINT.
The United States is now the target of those who want to challenge the existing state of affairs. Security threats, in this new era of asymmetric warfare, will inevitable emerge more and more frequently. For the past thirty
years, Cuba has been working in the research and development of
biotechnological agents. Viruses and toxins have been altered genetically to
heighten their lethality, paving the way for the development of pathogens
capable of overcoming existing vaccines. The arsenal in Cuba includes weapons based on tularemia, anthrax, smallpox, epidemic typhus, dengue fever, Marburg, Ebola. It also includes neurological agents, based on chemical substances produced naturally in the human body. Cuba has acquired the technology and capacity to manufacture their own equipment. Some of the equipment required is very similar to equipment related to diary production, sugar cane processing, and liquor manufacturing, areas where Cuba has had experience and technology On 1991 Cuba formed a group, under the Military Intelligence Directorate of the Armed Forces. The group was charged to obtain information to develop computer viruses. Cuba’s main centers are: the Bejucal base; the Paseo complex, between 11th and 13th streets; the Jaruco complex; the Wajay complex, and the Santiago de Cuba antenna farm. There are several research and development Centers at universities and Institutes. Cuba has done extensive studies on electromagnetic radiation weapons. These are weapons capable of destroying microelectronic equipment from a two miles distance radius. There
are several areas under cyberterrorism, all of which Cuba has the capacity and
the technology to produce. We have: electronic eavesdropping or espionage;
computer network intrusion, in the form of viruses; computer networks intrusion
to change, alter, or read files; destruction of computer and electronic
equipment through electromagnetic radiation Radiological dispersion
devices-the poor man’s nuclear weapon-, or dirty bomb, are another possibility
likely to attract increasing interest from terrorists. Scattering radiation
without a nuclear explosion, they are a near-term terrorist threat. Several
nations-including a few sponsors of terrorism-have dabbled in dispersion
devices. In the 1980s, Iraq produced and tested conventional bombs filled with
radioactive materials-apparently, spent fuel from its research reactors,
according to a 1991 report by the CIA. Cuba, by the way, has two research
reactors. There
are three main areas of concern for us in the new and dangerous axis formed by
China and Cuba: radio frequency weapons, computer technology, missile
capabilities. The problem with the Chinese/ Cuban rapprochement is that it is
driven by mutual hostility towards the United States. Radio
frequency weapons are a new radical class of weapons. Radio frequency weapons
can utilize either high energy radio frequency (HERF), or low energy radio
frequency (LERF) technology. HERF is advanced technology. It is based on
concentrating large amounts of RF EM energy in within a small space, narrow
frequency range, and a very short period of time. The result is an overpowering
RF EM impulse capable of causing substantial damage to electronic components. LERF
utilizes relatively low energy, which is spread over a wide frequency spectrum.
It can be no less effective in disrupting normal functioning of computers as
HERF due to the wider range of frequencies it occupies. LERF does not require
time compression neither high tech components. LERF impact on computers and
computer networks could be devastating. The FBI has identified the following countries as State sponsors of terrorism: Iran, Cuba, Syria, Sudan, Libya, and North Korea. The U.S. Office of Technological Assessment has identified seventeen countries believed to possess biological weapons. Cuba is one of them. Cuba, due to its proximity to the United States, its electronic espionage facilities, and the constant flow of people between the United States and Cuba, has served as a Center for Logistics for all terrorist groups and nations. Cuba has the means and technology to develop the so called “dirty bombs” capable of producing radiological bomb attacks.
“The three nations named – Libya, Syria
and Cuba – Bolton says will pose the most significant threat to the U.S. But
the U.S. may be wagging its finger most boldly at Cuba.”
For
the first time, Bolton revealed that the U.S. “believes that Cuba has at least
a limited offensive biological warfare research and development effort. Cuba
has provided dual-use biotechnology to other rogue states. We are concerned
that such technology could support BW programs in those states.” The intelligence findings
clearly show that Cuba represents a serious threat to the security of
the United States in the areas of bio-warfare, electronic espionage, high
technology weapons, and cyber-terrorism.
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